The History Of Quantum Physics

In the late nineteenth century, Lord Kelvin addressed the British Science Association with these words, "There is nothing new to discover in physics now. All that remains more and more precise measurement." --- which later was proved wrong.

Albert Einstein

Max Planck

These two guys were ready for a counter attack. Max Planck & Albert Einstein. In the earlier time, Planck was working on black-body's radiation. He said that, emitted or absorbed energy isn't continuous at all. It is discontinuous. It travels in a form of small packets of energy. The amount of energy can be measured by this equation --

       

                                                                       

Here, "h" is the plank's constant and  is the frequency of the packet. These small packets are known as "Quanta". By using that term, he actually started a new branch of physics. This is how Quantum Physics was born. This new branch attracted several physicists to work on it. As more physicists started working on it, various weird theories came out. Like Uncertainty Principle, Quantum Entanglement, Transformation Theory( which basically unifies Matrix Mechanics and Wave Function), Wave-Particle Duality and so on. And yeah, that's how basically it started.